Too much medicine? A study investigating unwarranted regional variation and use of medical care
Permanent link
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/15586View/ Open
Date
2019-07-03Type
Doctoral thesisDoktorgradsavhandling
Author
Rosenlund, Ingvild MathiesenAbstract
Den overordna tematikken i avhandlingen er overforbruk og regional skeivbruk av helsetjenester. Fellesnevneren for delstudiene er manglende evidens for dagens praksis eller at dagens praksis ikke følger vitenskapelige anbefalinger.
Målet med avhandlingen var å: 1) Undersøke behandlingsmessig konsekvens av elektiv CT for pasienter med selvbegrensede anfall av mistenkt urolithiasis. 2) Kartlegge omfang og regional variasjon av gynekologiske undersøkelser gjort som screening i spesialisthelsetjenesten. 3) Undersøke om bruk av ultralyd og kolposkopi er forskjellig mellom sykehusleger og avtalespesialister. 4) Kartlegge regional variasjon i bruk av poliklinikk og innleggelser for divertikkelsykdom.
Studie 1 er en retrospektiv kasusserie med data fra pasientjournaler ved Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge. Vi identifiserte andelen asymptomatiske pasienter som fikk behandling som følge av positivt funn av urolithiasis på CT. Studie 2 og 3 er nasjonale tverrsnittsstudier med data fra Norsk pasientregister og Statistisk sentralbyrå. I studie 2 fant vi raten for gynekologiske screeningundersøkelser i Norge og i Norges 21 helseforetaksområder. Vi undersøkte bruk av kolposkopi og ultralyd i disse undersøkelsene for henholdsvis sykehusleger og avtalespesialister. For studie 3 regnet vi ut ratene for poliklinikk og innleggelse for divertikkelsykdom i Norges 21 helseforetaksområder.
Av pasienter med selvbegrensede anfall av mistenkt urolithiasis fikk 1,8 % steinbehandling som følge av positivt funn på CT. Årlig ble det gjort 22 gynekologiske screeningundersøkelser per 1000 kvinner med variasjon over helseforetaksområdene fra 7 til 44. Sykehusleger brukte kolposkopi i 1,6 % og ultralyd i 75 % av undersøkelsene. Avtalespesialistene brukte de samme prosedyrene i 49 % og 96 % av undersøkelsene. Innleggelsesrater for divertikkelsykdom varierte fra 95 til 179 per 100 000 over helseforetaksområdene. Rater for poliklinikk varierte fra 258 til 655 per 100 000.
Vi fant liten nytte av rutinemessig henvisning til elektiv CT for pasienter med mistenkt urolithiasis, overforbruk av gynekologiske screeningundersøkelser og utstrakt og uønsket regional variasjon både for gynekologiske screeningundersøkelser og helsetjenester for divertikkelsykdom.
The overall theme of this thesis is overuse and regional variation in use of health care services. Overuse and unwarranted variation are of global concern. Unnecessary health care services are recognized as harmful both to patients and health care systems. We have examined three different clinical scenarios where guidelines are either lacking evidence or where current practice is not in coherence with evidence-based recommendations.
The aims of the thesis were: 1) to examine if deferred computed tomography (CT) for patients with a self-limiting episode of suspected urolithiasis lead to surgical treatment, 2) to quantify the extent and regional variation of routine pelvic examinations within publicly funded specialized health care in Norway, and assess if the use of colposcopy and ultrasound differs with gynecologists’ payment models, and 3) to assess if there are regional differences in rates of hospitalization and outpatient appointments for diverticular disease in Norway.
In paper 1 we did a retrospective case series with data from the electronic health records at the University Hospital of Northern Norway. We identified the proportion of asymptomatic patients that were treated as a consequence of a positive finding on CT. Paper 2 and 3 were both national cross-sectional studies with data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway. In paper 2 we quantified the number of appointments for routine pelvic examination per 1000 women in Norway and for the 21 different hospital referral regions. We examined the use of colposcopy and ultrasound in these appointments for both fixed salary and fee-for-service gynecologists. In paper 3 we calculated the regional rates of hospitalizations and outpatient appointments for diverticular disease.
Deferred CT for patients with self-limiting episodes of suspected urolithiasis led to surgical intervention in 1.8% of asymptomatic patients. Annually 22 per 1000 women in Norway had a routine pelvic examination with variation across regions from 7 to 44 per 1000. Gynecologist with fixed salaries used colposcopy in 1.6% and ultrasound in 75% of routine pelvic examinations. Fee-for-service gynecologists used the same procedures in 49% and 96% of appointments. Hospitalization rates for diverticular disease ranged from 95 to 179 per 100 000 across regions. Outpatient appointment rates ranged from 258 to 655 per 100 000.
Our results indicate that the practice of deferred CT for suspected urolithiasis is a low-value health care service. Pelvic examinations are widespread with substantial regional variation. Fee-for-service reimbursements seem to skyrocket the use of colposcopy and increase the use of ultrasound in screening examinations. We found regional variation in both hospitalizations and outpatient appointments for diverticular disease.
Has part(s)
Paper I: Rosenlund, I.M., Førde, O.H. & Revhaug A. (2017) Routine deferred computed tomography for patients with suspected urolithiasis is low-value healthcare. Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 51(1), 62-67. The paper is available in the file "thesis_entire.pdf", and at https://doi.org/10.1080/21681805.2016.1254680. Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13939.
Paper II: Rosenlund, I.M., Leivseth, L., Nilsen, I., Førde, O.H. & Revhaug, A. (2017). Extent, regional variation and impact of gynecologist payment models in routine pelvic examinations: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health, 17(1), 114. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/12208.
Paper III: Rosenlund, I.M., Leivseth, L., Førde, O.H. & Revhaug, A. (2018). Regional variation in hospitalizations and outpatient appointments for diverticular disease in Norway: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 53(10-11), 1228-1235. Published version not available in Munin due to publisher’s restrictions. Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2018.1506047.
Publisher
UiT The Arctic University of NorwayUiT Norges arktiske universitet
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