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Assessing primary information sources and knowledge of menstruration among adolescent girls in Nepal: A cross-sectional study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-12-01)<p>Background: Adolescent girls, aged 10-19, undergo a critical physiological transition during which menarche and monthly menstrual cycles signify normal physiological functioning. In Nepal, cultural myths and taboos stigmatize menstruation, contributing to misconceptions that lead to self-isolation, social exclusion, and negative impacts on physical and mental health. The study aims to assess ... -
Impact of competition on profit and revenue of pharmacies in Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-12-01)<p>Introduction: Since 2001, due to the change in the Pharmacy Act, the accessibility of pharmacies to the public has considerably increased due to the increase in the number of pharmacies owned by chain wholesalers. In terms of pharmaceutical brands, competition serves as a driving force that compels brands to make new, effective, and enhanced medicines while encouraging generic companies to provide ... -
Association Between Smoking and Cognitive Function Based on Atrial Fibrillation Status: The Tromsø Study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-11-30)<p>Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), the global tobacco smoking prevalence is 22.3% (36.7% for men and 7.8% for women). Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive decline. The association of smoking and cognitive decline is well documented. Whitehall II Cohort study, Doetinchem Cohort study and many other studies have found that ... -
Factors influencing life satisfaction of Norwegian adolescents: A cross-sectional study from Ungdata.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-07-30)Background: Life satisfaction, an integral part of subjective well-being, is based on our cognitive assessment of our life's aim and achievement (1, 2). Previous studies have assessed life satisfaction primarily among adults, but there is a paucity of studies among adolescents (3-5). Also, research among adults involves factors such as job satisfaction, workplace ties, married life, and having ... -
Sex-specific association between coffee consumption and inflammation: the population-based Tromsø7 Study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-31)Abstract Introduction: Various studies have explored the association between coffee consumption and the risk of inflammation, yet results are inconsistent. Few studies have examined these association separately in women and men and by type of coffee consumed. We therefore aimed to further investigate this association in a heavy coffee drinking population by including four different methods of ... -
The effectiveness of closed-loop communication training for healthcare providers on use, medical errors, and task performance: a systematic review
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-31)Background: Patient harm from unsafe healthcare resulting in medical errors is an increasing global health challenge, ranking among the top causes of mortality on a global basis. These incidents often stem from clinical process failures, with a substantial proportion directly attributed to miscommunication and communication breakdowns. Numerous healthcare providers have admitted to having caused ... -
Vitamin D and periodontitis; is there an association between vitamin D deficiency and periodontitis severity? A cross-sectional study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-06-06)Background: Periodontitis is an oral disease which is highly prevalent in the adult population worldwide. Periodontitis is characterized by an excessive inflammatory reaction which leads to the destruction of supportive periodontal tissues and potentially tooth loss in the more severe stages of disease. Known risk factors for periodontitis include conditions and lifestyle factors which increase the ... -
The association between physical activity and psychological distress among an adult Sami and non-Sami population in Norway – the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-31)Background: Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of mental health problems. However, there is limited knowledge of the influence of PA on psychological distress (PD) in a Sami population. Aim: to investigate the association between PA levels and PD among a Sami and non-Sami population in Norway, and if the association differed between gender in both ethnic groups. Materials/methods: Data from ... -
Time trend analysis of environmental contaminants in human Arctic populations
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-31)Background: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) monitors persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels in the Arctic and assesses health effects related to them. Many of the POPs are regulated internationally, but still found in humans and biota. There are also new emerging contaminants, of which many are unregulated. Arctic populations present high contaminant concentrations compared to ... -
Adult Attained Height and Breast Cancer Incidence (NOWAC)
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-31)<p>Introduction: Adult attained height has been associated with breast cancer incidence consistently in the literature. The inclusion of covariates to adjust the regression models is widely used as a tool for controlling for error in models and reducing bias. However, several epidemiological studies regarding height have not accounted for confounding variables in their analysis. <p>Material and ... -
Self-reported diabetes mellitus and education in NOWAC, a cross-sectional study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-30)Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly public health concern, causing increased mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs globally. Global increase in overweight and obesity, high calorie diets, sedentary lifestyle, smoking habits and aging population are the main drivers for this epidemic. Social inequalities reveal systematic differences in health and disease. Social inequalities ... -
The association between emotional violence in childhood and the utilization of somatic and psychiatric specialist healthcare in adulthood among Sami and non-Sami population: The SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-06-03)Abstract Background: Emotional violence in childhood (EVC) is the most common type of violence in childhood. Due to its subtle and nonverbal nature, researchers have paid less attention to EVC than physical and sexual childhood violence. EVC may be just as detrimental to the developing brain of a child as other forms of childhood violence. Some studies has found that it increases the odds of ... -
Awareness of cardiovascular health in Russian population: comparison between self-reported and objectively measured parameters
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-31)Background Russia has a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate compared to other European countries. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus among Russian adults with the objective presence of these conditions. Material and Methods We used cross-sectional data from a general population-based study of Russian adults ... -
Association between participation in organized activity and loneliness among adolescents in Tromsø municipality - A cross sectional study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-31)Abstract Background Loneliness is a common subjective feeling. We might feel lonely, but still engage and interact in social groups, and we can be alone and live happily. Participation in organized activity might reduce mental health challenges through social mechanisms, with the opportunity of developing life skills and social relationships. To my knowledge, no previous studies have investigated ... -
Nutrient Intake and Retinopathy: The Tromsø Study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-31)Abstract Introduction: Retinopathy is a retinal disorder characterized by microvascular complications due to ocular or systemic conditions. The non-invasive visualization of retinal blood vessels provides a way to study the early structural and pathological changes in the circulatory system. Hence retinopathies can be used to monitor risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have ... -
Educational gradient in dental caries
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-03-24)Background: Dental health is an important aspect and a key indicator of general health. However, detailed data on dental health in the adult population in Norway is lacking. Literature indicates that people with lower socioeconomic position (SEP) have significantly poorer dental health than people with higher SEP. For example, adults in Norway with higher education report better self-reported ... -
Level of education and risk for self-reported cardiovascular disease - The Tromsø Study, 1994-2016
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-11-27)Introduction & Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. In 2018, CVD claimed 12,091 lives in Norway, and between 2005-2016 approximately 21% of the Norwegian population were administered therapeutic drugs to treat or prevent CVD. The World Health Organization has created a target to reduce NCD deaths by 33% between 2010-2030 for ... -
The association between macronutrients and severe musculoskeletal pain in the Tromsø7 study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-08-01)Musculoskeletal pain is a widespread health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It refers to any chronic or acute pain that affects muscles, ligaments, bones, and tendons. The most common types of musculoskeletal pain are low back and neck pain, with low back pain being the primary cause of disability globally. People who experience musculoskeletal pain often face negative consequences, ... -
Economic Evaluation of Home-Based Stroke Care – A systematic review
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-08-01)Background: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) of 2019 ranked stroke, as both the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As the burden of stroke has risen the past three decades, stroke has emerged as one of the current greatest public health issues worldwide of growing importance. During the past 40 years, healthcare expenditure has increased ... -
Selvrapportert psykisk helse, ensomhet og sosial støtte blant innbyggere i Tromsø kommune, i grupper av kjønn, alder og sosioøkonomisk status: En del av Fylkeshelseundersøkelsen i Troms og Finnmark 2019
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-08-01)Rationale for studie: Tromsø kommune har behov for et kunnskapsgrunnlag i sitt folkehelsearbeid. Det er spesielt viktig å undersøke grad av psykisk uhelse, ensomhet og sosial støtte i ulike grupper i befolkningen, da tidligere studier har vist forskjeller mellom kjønn, alders- og utdanningsgrupper. Eksisterende datakilder, som inkluderer folkehelserapporter fra Tromsøundersøkelsen og FHI’s ...
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