Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2181-2200 of 10412
-
Risk factors for fractures in Tromsø : the Tromsø study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2005)<p>A fracture is a break or crack in a bone. Fractures are common and anyone can fracture a bone. They occur when the bone can not withstand the physical force excerpted on it. There are several types or classifications of fracture; simple, stress, comminuted, impact, compound, complete and incomplete. Depending on the type and location of a fracture, the treatment varies from immobilization ... -
Barriers and opportunities to accessing social support in the transition from community to prison: A qualitative interview study with incarcerated individuals in Northern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-28)Background: Incarcerated individuals have poor mental health compared to the general population. Social support has a benefcial efect on mental health. The bufering model proposes that social support facilitates coping under stressful conditions, while the main efects model suggests that belonging to social networks and having positive social interactions are benefcial for mental health. Prisons ... -
Does Social and Economic Disadvantage Predict Lower Engagement with Parenting Interventions? An Integrative Analysis Using Individual Participant Data
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-23)There is a social gradient to the determinants of health; low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to reduced educational attainment and employment prospects, which in turn afect physical and mental wellbeing. One goal of preventive interventions, such as parenting programs, is to reduce these health inequalities by supporting families with difculties that are often patterned by SES. Despite ... -
Abdominal aortic aneurysms : diagnosis and epidemiology : the Tromsø Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2005)Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relatively common, potentially life-threatening condition roughly accounting for one percent of all the deaths in the western world. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are usually asymptomatic until rupture. Death from rupture is often sudden and the disease is prone to be misclassified as death from cardiac arrest. Since the introduction of surgical repair of AAA ... -
Functional Domains of the Early Proteins and Experimental and Epidemiological Studies Suggest a Role for the Novel Human Polyomaviruses in Cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-18)As their name indicates, polyomaviruses (PyVs) can induce tumors. Mouse PyV, hamster PyV and raccoon PyV have been shown to cause tumors in their natural host. During the last 30 years, 15 PyVs have been isolated from humans. From these, Merkel cell PyV is classified as a Group 2A carcinogenic pathogen (probably carcinogenic to humans), whereas BKPyV and JCPyV are class 2B (possibly carcinogenic ... -
A nationwide registry study on heart failure in Norway from 2008 to 2018: variations in lookback period affect incidence estimates
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-05)Background: The incidence of heart failure (HF) has declined in Europe during the past two decades. However, incidence estimates from registry-based studies may vary, partly because they depend on retrospective searches to exclude previous events. The aim of this study was to assess to what extent diferent lookback periods (LPs) afect temporal trends in incidence, and to identify the minimal ... -
Protein Intake and the Risk of Pre-Frailty and Frailty in Norwegian Older Adults. The Tromsø Study 1994–2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-01)BACKGROUND: Protein intake is suggested as an important dietary factor in the prevention of frailty, however, the infuence of lifelong intake remains unclear.<p> <p>OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the relationship between daily protein intake and patterns of protein intake over 21 years and the risk of pre-frailty/frailty. <p>DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. <p>SETTING: The ... -
Oral health related quality of life in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer compared to a general population from the seventh Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-30)Background: Both the incidence and survival rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) is increasing, making quality of life of HNC survivors an important issue.<p> <p>Methods: In this cross-sectional study we compared the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of long-term HNC survivors to that of a general population cohort from the seventh survey of the Tromsø study with the Oral Impact on Daily ... -
Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics before and after treatment: Incidence of eradication failure
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-20)Background <p>Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance especially to clarithromycin and metronidazole has been observed in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). <p>Aim <p>To characterize the antimicrobial resistance pattern of H. pylori before and after treatment in a cohort of patients accumulated over a period of 15 years after an unsuccessful eradication treatment had been given comparing ... -
Non-Invasive Methods for Detection of Genetic Abnormalities in Human Embryos Cell-Free DNA Secreted from Human Embryos as an Alternative to DNA from Cell Biopsies for Genetic Analyses
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-15)Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the main causes of implantation failure following embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) is time-consuming, expensive, and invasive. Non-invasive PGT-A (niPGT-A) is an alternative where secreted embryonic cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in spent culture medium (SCM) is investigated. This study aimed to ... -
Job demands, job resources, and health outcomes among nursing professionals in private and public healthcare sectors in Sweden – a prospective study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-06-06)Background: Nursing professionals exhibit high prevalence of stress-related health problems. Job demands and job resources are parallel drivers of health and well-being among employees. Better job resources associate with better job satisfaction, job motivation and engagement even when job demands are high. To date, there is limited research which explores the association between job demands, job ... -
Association of body mass index with COVID-19 related in-hospital death
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-29)Background: Patients with extreme body mass indices (BMI) could have an increased risk of death while hospitalized for COVID-19.<p> <p>Methods: The database of the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) was used to assess the time to in-hospital death with competing-risks regression by sex and between the categories of BMI. <p>Results: Data from 12,137 ... -
Clinical decision support methods for children and youths with mental health disorders in primary care.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-06-03)Background: Mental health disorders among children and youths are common and often have negative consequences for children, youths, and families if unrecognized and untreated. With the goal of early recognition, primary care physicians (PCPs) play a signifcant role in the detection and referral of mental disorders. However, PCPs report several barriers related to confdence, knowledge, and ... -
Cortical bone structure of the proximal femur and incident fractures
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-04)Purpose: Fracture risk is most frequently assessed using Dual X-ray absorptiometry to measure areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). However, these approaches have limitations and additional bone measurements may enhance the predictive ability of these existing tools. Increased cortical porosity has been associated with incident fracture in some ... -
Divergent Regulation of Decidual Oxidative-Stress Response by NRF2 and KEAP1 in Preeclampsia with and without Fetal Growth Restriction
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-10)Utero-placental development in pregnancy depends on direct maternal–fetal interaction in the uterine wall decidua. Abnormal uterine vascular remodeling preceding placental oxidative stress and placental dysfunction are associated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Oxidative stress is counteracted by antioxidants and oxidative repair mechanisms regulated by the transcription factor ... -
Guanylate cyclase activators and stimulators. Potential cardiovascular therapeutics, with special focus on the right ventricle
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-09-09)<p><i>Background -</i> Soluble guanylate cyclase, sGC, is a major contributor to the signal transduction in the cardiovascular system, and dysfunction in the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. This system is sensitive to a wide variety of pathological conditions spanning from substrate shortage to sGC-insensitivity to nitric oxide (NO), during pathological ... -
Effect of cigarette smoking on serum anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count in women seeking fertility treatment: a prospective cross-sectional study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-31)Objectives The relationship between smoking and ovarian reserve markers is inconclusive. The primary objective of our study was to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on the quantitative ovarian reserve parameters, serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) as relevant to prediction of fertility outcomes in women seeking fertility treatment. Our secondary aims were ... -
Forebygging med jod ved radioaktivitet
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-10)Krigen i Ukraina aktualiserer vår beredskap ved atomhendelser. Myndighetene anbefaler at voksne under 40 år, gravide, ammende og barn under 18 år har jodtabletter tilgjengelig. Jodprofylakse kan redusere risikoen for skjoldbruskkjertelkreft, og råd om inntak kommer ofte med en samtidig anbefaling om å holde seg innomhus. -
Expression of miR-24-1-5p in Tumor Tissue Influences Prostate Cancer Recurrence: The PROCA-life Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-23)The role of miR-24-1-5p and its prognostic implications associated with prostate cancer are mainly unknown. In a population-based cohort, the Prostate Cancer Study throughout life (PROCA-life), all men had a general health examination at study entry and were followed between 1994 and 2016. Patients with available tissue samples after a prostatectomy with curative intent were identified (n = 189). ... -
The Hematology of Tomorrow Is Here-Preclinical Models Are Not: Cell Therapy for Hematological Malignancies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-24)The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge on the clinical use of several forms of cell therapy in hematological malignancies and the preclinical models available for their study. In the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants, mesenchymal stromal cells are pursued to help stem cell engraftment and expansion, and control graft versus host disease. We further ...