Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2261-2280 of 10421
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Automated segmentation of magnetic resonance bone marrow signal: a feasibility study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-02)Background - Manual assessment of bone marrow signal is time-consuming and requires meticulous standardisation to secure adequate precision of findings.<p> <p>Objective - We examined the feasibility of using deep learning for automated segmentation of bone marrow signal in children and adolescents.<p> <p>Materials and methods - We selected knee images from 95 whole-body MRI examinations of ... -
Protocol for Isolation and Culture of Mouse Hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer Cells (KCs), and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSECs) in Analyses of Hepatic Drug Distribution
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-25)Development of the new generation of drugs (e.g., oligo- and polynucleotides administered intravascularly either as free compounds or as nano-formulations) frequently encounters major challenges such as lack of control of targeting and/or delivery. Uncontrolled or unwanted clearance by the liver is a well-known and particularly important hurdle in this respect. Hence, reliable techniques are needed ... -
Iron status and prevalence of hereditary haemochromatosis in a multiethnic population in northern Norway : the SAMINOR study, the Sør-Varanger study, the Tromsø V study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2008)Iron status is influenced by several factors such as nutritional factors and blood loss. Tron deficiency is one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies in the world today, both in industrialised as well as developing countries [1-3]. In normal subjects the total daily loss of iron is balanced by an equivalent amount of iron absorbed from the diet. When this equilibrium is ... -
Five years of exercise intervention at different intensities and development of white matter hyperintensities in community dwelling older adults, a Generation 100 sub-study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-18)We investigated if a five-year supervised exercise intervention with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus control; physical activity according to national guidelines, attenuated the growth of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We hypothesized that supervised exercise, in particular HIIT, reduced WMH growth. Older adults from the general ... -
Venous Air Embolism Activates Complement C3 Without Corresponding C5 Activation and Trigger Thromboinflammation in Pigs
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-15)Introduction: Air embolism may complicate invasive medical procedures. Bubbles trigger complement C3-mediated cytokine release, coagulation, and platelet activation in vitro in human whole blood. Since these findings have not been verified in vivo, we aimed to examine the effects of air embolism in pigs on thromboinflammation.<p> <p>Methods: Forty-five landrace pigs, average 17 kg (range 8.5-30), ... -
Hjemmeabort ved UNN
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-31)Medisinsk abort kan gjøres hjemme ved gestasjonslengde <9 uker. Denne studien ser på hvordan dette behandlingstilbudet opplevdes blant kvinner som velger denne behandlingen ved UNN Tromsø. Formålet er å identifisere forbedringsmuligheter på bakgrunn av kvinners opplevelse av hjemmeabort. I studieperioden mars 2021 til august 2021 ble 34 abortsøkende kvinner med svangerskapslengde <9 uker inkludert ... -
Kan implisitte holdninger i tannhelsetjenesten påvirke hvilke kliniske beslutninger og vurderinger som tas?
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-02)Bakgrunn: Innenfor tannhelsetjenesten kan behandleren ofte møte pasienter som opplever subjektiv smerte, og det kan hende at flere behandlingsalternativer kan vurderes til å være rett behandling avhengig av hvilken behandler som vurderer pasientkasuset. Til tross for at det finnes forskning på implisitte holdningers påvirkning på kliniske beslutninger innenfor mange områder innenfor helsevesenet, ... -
The effect of low pH on surface hardness, volume, surface area and morphology of direct dental restorative materials
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-02)Background: Dental erosions as a disease is an increasing problem today, in particularly among adolescents. They may be caused by intrinsic factors such as gastric juice, frequently present in the oral cavity of bulimic patients. Direct dental restorative materials may be used to treat erosions, but the data regarding the effects of low pH on volume changes of these materials are limited. Objective: ... -
Combating antibiotic resistance: An approach to discover antimicrobial compounds
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-01)Objective: This study aims to test a cost-effective approach for discovery of novel molecular compounds with antimicrobial characteristics. Materials and methods: Thirteen randomly picked objects were swabbed in the area in and around Liverpool. They were further cultivated on BHI-agar plates, and then spread on top of several clinically relevant pathogenic indicator strains including C. albicans, ... -
Technical quality of root-filled teeth performed by undergraduate students at UiTs student clinic
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-04-29)This retrospective study aims to evaluate the technical quality of root fillings performed at the UiT student clinic between 2011 and 2021, and reveal factors influencing the quality. The sample consisted of 474 periapical radiographs of endodontically treated teeth. All cases were treated by 4th and 5th year undergraduate students at UTK, from 2011 to 2021. Each root was independently ... -
Tidsbruk i fyllingslegging med moderne- og konvensjonell teknikk
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-04-28)Innledning: Fyllingsterapi utgjør en stor andel av tannlegers arbeidshverdag, og det finnes flere ulike måter å legge fylling på. I denne undersøkelsen er det gjort en sammenligning av tidsbruken mellom moderne ett-steg adhesiv med bulk-fill fyllingsteknikk og konvensjonell tre-stegs adhesiv med skrålagsfyllingsteknikk. Dette kan gi relevant informasjon om hvilken av metodene som kan være relevante ... -
Role of hormones in bone formation and resorption: A literature review [How hormones; adiponectin, angiotensin, cortisol, erythropoietin, insulin, parathyroid hormone, oxytocin, sex hormones, affect bone remodeling]
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-01-05)The study aims to present the current research literature on hormones and its influence on bone remodeling and metabolism; an emphasis is given the disease of dry socket and bone related diseases such as periodontitis and osteoporosis. This thesis’ overview may be helpful by motivating the discovery of new approaches to address these diseases. There is plenty of available research about hormones ... -
Suicidal behavior among indigenous Sami in Arctic Norway : a special focus on adolescents and young adults
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2007)Since the 1950’s the global suicide rates have continued to increase, and today suicide has become an important public-health problem worldwide (World Health Organization (WHO), 2002). According to WHO there are approximately one million deaths from suicide each year worldwide, and about 20 times this number of people attempt suicide (2002). There are substantial variations in the national suicide ... -
Hormones, smoking and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women : the Tromsø Mammography and Breast Cancer Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2007)Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring malignancy among women, and according to estimates by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than one million new cases were diagnoscd worldwide in 2002 (1). In Norway, altogether 2,780 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005, corresponding to an age-adjusted (world) incidence rate of 75.7 per 100,000 women per year (2). According ... -
Withdrawal and exclusion : a study of the spoken word as means of understanding schizophrenic patients
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2005)There are literally thousands of people living among us who suffer from chronic and severe mental illness. There may be as many as one out of 100 that might be described with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. This means that most of us are likely to know, or know of, at least one person who suffers from schizophrenia. Nevertheless, most people perceive it as both distant and elusive.<br> The ... -
Lulworthinone: In Vitro Mode of Action Investigation of an Antibacterial Dimeric Naphthopyrone Isolated from a Marine Fungus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-21)Treatment options for infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are rendered ineffective, and drug alternatives are needed—either from new chemical classes or drugs with new modes of action. Historically, natural products have been important contributors to drug discovery. In a recent study, the dimeric naphthopyrone lulworthinone produced by an obligate marine fungus in the family ... -
Haemoglobin, anaemia and haematological malignancies : the Tromsø study 1974-1995
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2006)Haemoglobin measurement is one of the most frequently performed laboratory tests. The haemoglobin level has well known variability according to age and gender [1- 3]. However, the reference values are often from elderly cross sectional studies of younger subjects, and may not reflect the populations’ actual distribution today. Several lifestyle factors, including body mass index (BMI) and ... -
Longitudinal analyses of cardiovascular risk factors : the Tromsø study 1974-1995
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2002)The present study has addressed longitudinal changes in cardiovascular risk factors and also assessed the association between BMI change with changes in other risk factors. We showed a moderate to high degree of tracking for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and a higher degree of tracking for BMI. Tracking was higher for total cholesterol ... -
Venous Air Embolism and Complement-driven Thromboinflammation. In vitro human whole blood studies and in vivo porcine studies on the effect of air emboli on the complement system, cytokine network, and the hemostasis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-09-27)<p><i>Background:</i> Air embolism may complicate many medical procedures and cause vascular occlusion, organ infarctions, or death. In vitro, air triggers the alternative complement pathway and activates platelets. Previous studies of air emboli were conducted in serum, plasma, or heparin anticoagulated whole blood, with ambient air present in tubes, precluding detailed examination of thromboinflammation. ... -
Infection, inflammation and artherosclerosis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2007)Myocardial infarction and stroke are leading causes of death and disability iii the Western world, and substantial resources are spent on treatment, care and rehabilitation. A marked reduction in cardiovascular mortality has been observed in both genders in Norway during the 1980s and 1990s (Statistics Norway), probably due to both improved prevention and treatment of the acute ischemic event. ...