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norskDoktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Recent submissions
Now showing items 361-380 of 713
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Learning from what might have been – judgments and evaluations of counterfactual outcomes
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-03-23)The aim of the present thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how people construct hypothetical alternatives to past events, and further explore the role of such counterfactual thinking in learning from accidents and near-accidents. In Paper 1 we introduced the notion that counterfactual thinking is a form of mental simulation that relies on abstract, gist based representations of the ... -
Multisite musculoskeletal pain in adolescence. The relationship with psychosocial problems, mental health and later welfare benefit receipt
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-08-17)Pain is common in otherwise healthy youth and is often associated with psychosocial problems. However, there is limited knowledge of how pain-troubled adolescents fare from adolescence into young adulthood. To examine this, the Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Study, a 10th grade school-based survey (15–16-year-olds) conducted in North Norway, in 2003–2005, was linked to the Norwegian Patient ... -
Alcohol prevention among adolescents - A study on determinants and parental influence
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-03-09)The main goal of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of an alcohol prevention program both for parents and adolescents in Norway.The aim of the first study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol drinking among Norwegian adolescents, as well as to identify determinants associated with early onset of drinking and test models for predicting early onset. The study showed that approximately ... -
Sociosexual behaviors and reproductive success in a group of rats housed in seminatural environment
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-04-20)Wild rats employ a rather extensive area for their daily activities and share elaborate burrows with tunnel and chambers. When a female enters estrus, she will copulate with multiple males during the entire period of estrus. In a typical laboratory setting, rat sexual behavior is studied in pairs of opposite sex individuals. Apparently the experimental studies have been performed in this highly ... -
Pharmacological Approaches To Management Of Hypothermia-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-03-20)We performed randomized, controlled experimental studies in an intact rat model and in isolated rat cardiomyocytes with the following aims: Paper I: To investigate the effects of epinephrine during hypothermia and after rewarming and determine hypothermia-induced effects on in vivo and in vitro cardiac β-receptor sensitivity. Paper II: To describe hemodynamic responses to the phosphodiesterase ... -
Dental health and need for non-operative treatment among 16-year-olds in Northern Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-02-16)Epidemiological data have disclosed a considerable reduction in caries prevalence among children and adolescents in Western countries including Norway for over 40 years. Concomitantly, enamel caries has received increased focus in order to give a better picture of the complete need for dental treatment, non-operative as well as operative. More recently, dental erosive wear seems to be a growing ... -
Embodied uncertainty - Exploring sensorial and existential dimensions of everyday life after cancer
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-14)In Norway, as in other countries in the northern hemisphere, an increasing number of people survive after cancer diagnosis and treatment. Earlier studies have shown that life after cancer can be challenging in different ways, which makes it important to gain knowledge about this group to be able to meet their needs in the future. The main objective of this project was to understand the illness ... -
Three Essays on Subjective Well-being and Preference-Weighted Health
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-01-25)This thesis aims to: i) explore the importance of preference-weighting in health state utility (HSU) instruments and ii) examine the contribution of policy-relevant factors to subjective well-being (SWB). The analyses herein are based on an international sample of individuals aged 18 and above, and this thesis comprises three papers. Paper 1 examined the relative importance of preference-weighting ... -
Obesity, body height and risk of venous thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-01-18)Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Obesity, as well as a tall stature, are well-known and substantial risk factors for VTE, but the underlying mechanisms behind these associations are not fully understood. The aims of this thesis were to investigate how different patterns of body fat distribution, levels of obesity-related ... -
Longitudinal changes in forearm bone mineral density in women and men from 25 to 84 years. The Tromsø Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2006) -
Users’ role in the making and scaling of an Information Infrastructure for Health Care based on the openEHR specification
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-11)In this thesis, I discuss the socio-technical challenges in growing and information infrastructure for Health Care based on the openEHR specification, particularly focusing users’ role and contribution. Conceptualizing the emerging EPR system as the growing of an Information Infrastructure, the different happenings and activities in the development project have been interpreted as infrastructuring ... -
Telemedicine in the treatment of headache
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-12-12)Hodepine er en av de vanligste plager hos mennesket, og er også den hyppigste årsaken til at pasienter oppsøker helsevesenet. På grunn av det store geografiske dekningsområdet for to nevrologiske avdelinger i Nord-Norge, mangler mange hodepinepasienter tilgjengelighet til god spesialisthelsetjeneste. Mangel på hodepinespesialister og tungvinn tilgang til omsorg kan gi grobunn for feildiagnostisering, ... -
Biology of signalling receptors in human articular chondrocytes. Implications for chondrogenesis and cartilage repair.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-12-05)Articular cartilage is the thin avascular tissue covering the ends of adjacent bones that provides frictionless movement to the skeleton. Cartilage injuries are frequent, but due to its avascular nature the cartilage of skeletally matured individuals has a poor healing capacity. Degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), is characterised by the gradual destruction of articular cartilage, ... -
Vitamin D and its implication on inflammation and genomics. The data from the Tromsø Study and the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-24)Det har vært en økende interesse for vitamin D sin rolle i patogenese av inflammasjonsrelaterte sykdommer, metabolske forstyrrelser, hjertekarsykdommer og cancer. Mange observasjonsstudier har antydet en sammenheng mellom redusert vitamin D nivå og økt risiko for disse sykdommene. Vårt mål var å undersøke denne sammenhengen i to store observasjonsstudier: den norske Tromsøundersøkelsen og den ... -
The influence of birth weight, childhood fractures and lifestyle factors on peak bone mass in Norwegian boys and girls between 15-18 years of age. The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-22)The basis of bone strength is created during early development and growth, before the achievement and consolidation of a peak bone mass (PBM) in the second or early third decade of life. In order to optimize PBM, we need to identify modifiable predictors that influence bone mass accrual during growth and the vulnerable period of adolescence. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the ... -
Harnessing Innate Immunity - Complement and TLR Inhibition in Experimental Models of Gram Positive and Polymicrobial Bacteremia and Sepsis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-28)Sepsis is a syndrome of life-threatening organ malfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The complement, kallikrein/kinin, coagulation and fibrinolysis plasma cascade systems as well as the TLR system recognize and initiate the immediate responses to infection and thus play an important role in the development of sepsis. In this regard, the ubiquitous TLR co-receptor, CD14, ... -
Occupational exposure, respiratory health and sensitisation among crab processing workers. A study among processors of king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and edible crab (Cancer pagurus) in Norwegian land based crab processing plants.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-10)Occupational asthma and allergy are health problems found in the seafood processing industry. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the exposure to central components in bioaerosols collected in the breathing zone of crab processing workers, and explore the workers’ prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitisation to crustacean allergens. This thesis describes the exposure levels of total ... -
The Paediatric Wrist; Normal Age Related appearances on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radiographs. Follow up of a Healthy Cohort
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-09-27)A cohort of 89 healthy children was recruited from Tromsø during 2009. All children had a radiograph and an MRI of the left wrist, while 74 met for a follow-up study during 2013. The initial examination showed that all children had numerous bony depressions in one or more of the carpal bones, and that these depressions could mimic erosions as defined in the adult rheumatoid arthritis literature, and ... -
FKBP8 and the autophagy-inducing Class-III PI3K Complex Roles of LIR dependent interactions
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-09-22)Autophagy (Greek meaning “self eating”) is a renovation process in cells. Dysfunctional autophagy plays a major role in human diseases including cancer, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Misfolded or aggregated proteins, damaged organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes, as well as intracellular pathogens are degraded by autophagy. During the process, the ... -
Ischemic stroke in a general population: Time trends in incidence, case fatality and the impact of risk factors.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-10-13)About 80-85% of all strokes are due to reduced blood flow to the brain (ischemic strokes). Lack of knowledge regarding time trends in incidence and case fatality of ischemic stroke in Norway represented a main motivation for this study. Data from the Tromsø Study, following >40,000 attendees from six surveys through 2012, provided an excellent opportunity to reveal time trends of ischemic stroke and ...
