Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Nye registreringer
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Physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality in ethnic groups in the Arctic region of Norway Results from two population-based studies: The Finnmark 3 study 1987-1988 and SAMINOR 1 2003-2004
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-07-02)På verdensbasis er hjerte-og karsykdommer en av hovedårsakene til for tidlig død, og fokus på forebyggende tiltak er viktig. Selv om de positive helseeffektene av fysisk aktivitet er godt dokumentert, er det mangelfull kunnskap om sammenhengen mellom fysisk aktivitet, risikofaktorer for hjerte-og karsykdom og død hos urfolk, som eksempelvis samer, som lever under krevende klimatiske forhold i den ... -
Exploring and Targeting Novel Cancer Networks in Multidrug Resistant Neuroblastoma
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-06-19)High-risk neuroblastoma has an overall survival of only 50%, and alternative treatment options for this patient group are needed. In this thesis, I will present novel insight into potential anti-tumor mechanisms for high-risk neuroblastoma. Firstly, our investigations have revealed a tumor suppressor function of the microRNA (miRNA) <i>miR-323a-3p</i> in neuroblastoma cells, and that this miRNA ... -
Aspects of Lung Cancer by Sex
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-06-12)Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men and the third most frequent in women across the globe, and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The rising worldwide incidence of lung cancer among women has raised the possibility of a sex difference in the association between smoking and lung cancer. It has been estimated that approximately 90% of all lung cancer is related to smoking. The ... -
Student procrastination: Measurement, reduction and environmental factors
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-06-17)The procrastination problem affects half or more of all students, negatively affecting health, well-being, and performance. The present thesis focuses on three facets of this problem. In three papers, we examine important research questions: First, an important issue in procrastination research is the need for validation of translated instruments. In our first study, we examine two procrastination ... -
Competent help during acute psychosis. A qualitative interview study with patients admitted to acute psychiatric wards
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-06-10)<p>Akutt psykose er en alvorlig tilstand. Mennesker med akutt psykose blir vanligvis innlagt på akuttpsykiatriske sengeposter for behandling og nødvendig pleie og omsorg. Formålet med denne avhandlingen er å utforske og å beskrive hva kyndig hjelp gjennom akutt psykose kan være for pasienter innlagt i akutt psykiatriske sengeposter. <p>Avhandlingens teoretiske referanseramme er sykepleietenkning ... -
The effects of and experiences from participation in GroupCoreDIST- a new, individualized, group-based, physiotherapy intervention for ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis. A mixed methods study including a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative interview study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-27)<p><i>Introduction: </i>Balance and walking deviations are common in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Individualized physiotherapy is common, however, participation in individualized group physiotherapy is questioned, and needs to be explored in terms of balance and walking-status, effects and user-experiences. <p><i>Methods: </i>This parallel QUAN+QUAL mixed method study included a ... -
Mathematical Models of Optimal Antibiotic Treatment
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-06-09)When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, the rate of killing can slow down dramatically over time. This phenomenon can be observed both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the mechanistic explanations for this can be divided into two main categories: antibiotic persistence and heteroresistance. In vivo, both mechanisms thought to contribute to observed slowdowns in the elimination and as a result may ... -
Molecular aspects of high-risk neuroblastoma and novel therapeutic opportunities
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-29)Neuroblastoma is a highly heterogenous cancer of childhood. High-risk disease has a poor prognosis with survival around 50% and cured patients suffer treatment related late effects. Better therapy is needed. Increased knowledge of the molecular biology of high-risk neuroblastomas is essential to devise new treatments. High-risk neuroblastomas are frequently MYCN-amplified (MNA). MNA is correlated ... -
Old antibiotics as alternative treatment options for urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-, AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-25)Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Escherichia coli, producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC or carbapenemases, are acknowledged among the most significant global health threats. Growing rates of MDR E.coli can lead to an increase in the use of reserve antimicrobials. Re-introducing “old antimicrobials” could offer a timely solution. This work aimed at evaluating the role of ... -
Body mass index and risk of malnutrition in community-living elderly men and women: relationships with morbidity, mortality and health- related quality of life. The Tromsø and HUNT studies
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2011-06-09)The elderly population is rapidly growing, and elderly individuals are more vulnerable to nutritional problems than other adults. A number of studies have found evidence for adverse health outcomes in elderly patients at risk of malnutrition. However, much of the previous research has been performed in hospital populations or in groups of elderly patients with specific diagnoses. More population-based ... -
Substance Use Disorder patients with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring differences in personality, substance use-related aspects and quality of life in a naturalistic follow-up study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-22)<p><i>Background.</i> About 15% of adults seeking substance use disorder (SUD) treatment also have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). SUD+ADHD patients often present more severe substance use (SU) and may be more difficult to treat. Research on SUD+ADHD has mostly focused on the reduction of ADHD and SUD symptoms and less on other relevant factors in the context of SUD treatment. ... -
Weight change and cancer
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-25)<p><i>Background: </i>The obesity prevalence has reached pandemic dimensions. The cancer incidence has also increased worldwide, and several cancers are related to body fatness. However, there are uncertainties weather the velocity and magnitude of weight gain, independent of body fatness, increase cancer risk. Moreover, there are few studies on short-term weight gain and site-specific cancers. Thus, ... -
The ATLET study: Can subjects with long-standing motor incomplete spinal cord injury learn to walk? A randomized clinical trial
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-19)Body-weight supported locomotor training (BWSLT) has been used to improve walking function in subjects with incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI), but randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among subjects with long-standing (>2 years) incomplete SCI and poor walking function are scarce. This research aims to describe the methodology and report the results from two parallel, but independent, single-blinded ... -
Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and venous thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-02-07)Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious disease that represents a growing public health concern, and identification of modifiable risk factors is a priority. Although physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a wealth of health benefits, their associations with VTE remain to be established. The aim of the present thesis was to summarize knowledge and to identify ... -
Visual methods in health dialogue and public health work. An action research approach to improve school nurses’ work with adolescents
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-01-29)School nursing involves relationships and understandings based on young people’s needs. Visual technologies have become a central part of young people’s life and context: they use their phones to communicate and shape their relationships and they turn to social media when inquiring about health issues. Visual methods in health communication thus draw on existing practices, and are well documented ... -
Suffering, agency and care in medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). An ethnographic study of the social course and reframing of MUS in Norwegian youth
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-12)Communicative challenges and the role of communication in making sense of symptoms are shown in the scientific and biomedical conceptualizations of the phenomenon of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), in health communication and in the challenges of patients with MUS to understand and manage their illnesses. Little is known about young people’s experiences, how they cope with their illness and ... -
Perceived quality of life and functioning after stroke in a region of North Norway and in a region of Central Denmark. A mixed methods study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-04-23)Denne studien har som overordnet mål å utforske livskvalitet og funksjon etter hjerneslag i en region i Nord Norge og en region i Midt Jylland i Danmark med ulik organisering i rehabiliteringstjenester. I dette prosjektet ble det benyttet både kvalitative dybdeintervju og selv-rapporterte spørreskjema i et 'mixed methods' metodisk design. Livskvalitet og funksjon undersøkes i lys av ulike ... -
Biochemical characterization of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Binding interactions with two small non-peptide inhibitors and the proteoglycan serglycin & Processing of serglycin
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-04-17)The present work has a focus on biochemical characterization of the human matrix metalloproteinase-9. First part of the investigation focuses on the enzymes ability to form a complex with the small proteoglycan serglycin. Here the focus was on which amino acids and regions in both proMMP-9 and serglycin are important for the complex formation. For that, recombinant full-length proMMP-9 and various ... -
The effect of faecal microbiota transplantation in irritabel bowel syndrom. A double blind, randomized placebo controlled single centre study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-04-17)Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common disorder of the lower gastro intestinal tract associated with a poor quality of life. Revealing the interplay between the microbiota and the host has lead to a better understanding of IBS. A disturbance in the bidirectional communication in the microbiota-gut-brain axis is suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBS. The microbiota in this context ... -
When Bodies Speak and Words Act - poetry, psychosomatic illness and the lost art of medicine
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-04-16)This is a discussion of what poetry has to do with medicine. It is about the psychological necessity and communicative purpose of art, with poetry as an example. It is about what poetry demands of the poet - humility, undogmatic diligence, resilience in the face of complexity, and the ability to think and feel at the same time. It is about a vital service poetry performs for poet and public which ...