Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Nye registreringer
Viser treff 441-460 av 713
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Acupuncture for postoperative morbidities in children, and placebo by proxy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-04-29)Acupuncture may be beneficial for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children and is associated with minor adverse events. The two RCTs in this dissertation investigated the effects of acupuncture by means of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial design. Placebo effects are affected by patient expectancy towards the treatment. The present survey explored the placebo effects ... -
A novel ammonia lowering strategy for the treatment of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-01-29) -
The Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study (MISA): Population Characteristics, Dietary Intake and Predictors of Organochlorine Contaminants in Meconium and Maternal Serum, and of Essential and Toxic Elements in Mothers’ Whole Blood
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-03-03)Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements are released into the environment and are carried to the Arctic area via the atmosphere, oceanic currents and rivers. They have the ability to accumulate in nature and bioconcentrate in the human food chain. The primary exposure route for these contaminants is through diet, and thus circulating levels in pregnant women can give an indication ... -
Results from the Tromsø Intervention Study on Preterms until children’s age of nine. The influence of structured early parental guidance on behavior-emotional development and well-being among children born preterm and parenting stress in their families.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-02-26)An early structured intervention program, offered families with preterm infants in the newborn period, has been tested in a randomized, controlled trial [The Tromsø Intervention Study on Preterms]. It’s influence on children's socio-emotional behavioral development until age 9, parents reports of parenting stress in the same period and children's quality of life at 9 years have been investigated. ... -
Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression: Effectiveness and patient experiences
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-01-26) -
Cancer and venous thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-10-02)Venøs tromboembolisme (VTE) er et samlebegrep for lungeemboli og dyp venetrombose. VTE rammer ofte kreftpasienter og representerer en ledende dødsårsak i denne pasient gruppen. Dette understreker viktigheten av å kartlegge risikofaktorer for kreft-relatert VTE for å muliggjøre forebyggende behandling hos pasienter med høy risiko. En VTE hendelse kan også være det første symptomet på en bakenforliggende ... -
Living with voices and sounds other cannot hear
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-03-31)Hearing voices and sounds unshared by others, often termed auditory (verbal) hallucinations, is commonly known as a symptom of serious mental illness. The fact that it is not uncommon in the general population has led to research focused on hearing voices and sounds as experiences in themselves. The aim of this research project was to understand how people experience hearing and dealing with voices ... -
Helseomsorgssystemer i samiske markebygder i Nordre Nordland og Sør-Troms. Praksiser i hverdagslivet. "En ska ikkje gje sæ over og en ska ta tida til hjelp"
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2011-06)I dette forskningsarbeidet undersøkes det hvordan markebygdingene, som bor i de samiske markebygder i Nordre Nordland og Sør-Troms ordner seg i hverdagslivet når det gjelder helse- og sykdomsspørsmål. Prosjektet søker å få fram hvilke praksiser og ordninger som eksisterer, hvordan samhandling foregår, og hvordan kultur påvirker ordningene gjennom aktørene. -
Atrial fibrillation in The Tromsø Study 1994-2007. Risk factors, occurrence and gender differences.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-01-14)Summary Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia, which increases morbidity and mortality and thereby imposes high health costs on society. The prevalence of AF has increased for several decades, and is expected to increase further, with the rising numbers of elderly people and survivors of heart diseases. Several risk factors for AF related to genetics and diseases have been ... -
In vitro permeation models for healthy and compromised skin: The Phospholipid Vesicle-based Permeation Assay (PVPA) for skin applications
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-03-20)In vitro models with the ability to estimate drug penetration through healthy and compromised skin may reduce animal testing of drugs and cosmetics to a minimum. The phospholipid vesicle based permeation assay (PVPA) is based on a tight barrier composed of liposomes mimicking cells. It was originally made to mimic the intestinal epithelial barrier and in this project further developed to mimic the ... -
Comparisons of sickness absence patterns, trends and attitudes in the health and care sectors in two municipalities in Norway and Denmark.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-02-11)Sickness absence is of great concern in most Western societies and has huge economic and social consequences. The Scandinavian countries, especially Norway, have high sickness absence rates. In both Norway and Denmark, the highest sickness absence rates are found in the health and care sector. The aims of this doctoral thesis are to compare the sickness absence patterns of municipal employees in the ... -
Adolescents´ lifestyle and bone health. The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-12-16)Med data fra folkehelseundersøkelsen Fit Futures har vi sammenlignet norske ungdommers beintetthet med internasjonale referanseverdier og undersøkt sammenhengen mellom livsstilsfaktorer og beintetthet. Til tross for at Norges eldre er på verdenstoppen når det gjelder beinskjørhet (osteoporose) og beinbrudd, har dagens ungdommer like høy eller høyere beintetthet som jevngamle ungdommer i Europa ... -
Anti-human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a antibodies: For better or for worse
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-12-11)Albeit a rare pregnancy complication, fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) due to anti-human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a antibodies carries a significant risk of intracranial bleeding in the fetus and newborn. Reduced birth weight is another possible complication of FNAIT. Currently, there is no specific treatment to prevent or treat FNAIT, neither exist screening programs identifying ... -
Tuberculosis in HIV positive individuals - risk factors, diagnostic methods and follow-up in a low-endemic country
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-12-09)Tuberculosis (TB) is a diagnostic challenge in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, HIV positive individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) have the highest risk of progression to active TB. WHO initiatives to reduce the global burden of HIV/TB co-infections include better surveillance, improved diagnosis of TB in HIV patients and implementation of TB preventive ... -
Lumbosacral radiculopathy managed in multidisciplinary back clinics. Diagnostic accuracy, prognostic factors and efficacy of epidural injection therapy.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-10-27)The accuracy of individual clinical index tests used to predict imaging findings of nerve root impingement in patients with chronic lumbar radiculopathy is low when applied in specialized care, but clinicians’ overall evaluation improves diagnostic accuracy slightly. The diagnostic accuracy of individual index tests was low with no tests reaching positive LR >4.0 or negative LR <0.4. The overall ... -
The Epidemiology of Valvular Aortic Stenosis. Prevalence, incidence, mortality, risk factors and progression of aortic stenosis in a general population. The Tromsø Study.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-11-19)With datasets from 3 repeated echocardiographic examinations (1994, 2001 and 2008) of a random sample of initially 3,273 participants in the Tromsø Study, we were able to give descriptive and analytical epidemiologic data on degenerative aortic valve disease. Aortic valve stenosis (AS) was defined as a mean aortic valve gradient ≥15 mmHg. There were 164 subjects with AS. We found that prevalence ... -
Appropriate antibiotic prescribing in Community-Acquired Pneumonia in a Norwegian hospital setting
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-10-01)Appropriate antibiotic prescribing is associated with favourable levels of antimicrobial resistance and clinical outcomes. Literature has indicated that antibiotic treatment of hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the leading cause of death due to infection in adults worldwide, have potential for improvement. The overall aim of this PhD-work has been to promote appropriate ... -
Identification of novel roles and new modes of regulation for the atypical MAP kinases ERK3 and ERK4
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-11-13)The atypical MAP kinases ERK3 and ERK4 are the main characters in this study. ERK3 and ERK4 were for long considered as orphan proteins without known upstream activators. However, in 2011 two studies had detected that group I p-21 protein activated kinase (PAKs) can constitutively phosphorylate ERK3 and ERK4 in their activation loop. The only well-characterized substrate for ERK3 and ERK4 at that ... -
Sámi ethnicity as a variable. Premises and implications for population-based studies on health and living conditions in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-11-04)Summary: The use of Sámi ethnicity as a variable in studies aiming at quantitative knowledge on health and living conditions at the population level in contemporary Norway is challenged by in-sufficient Sámi-demographic data and blurred Sámi-ethnic boundaries. Based on the premise that the Sámi can be conceptualized as an ethnic group which is also an indigenous people, this thesis explores aspects ... -
The "deep caries" challenge. Prevalence and management of deep carious lesions in Northern Norway.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-10-22)The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to increase the understanding and knowledge of the prevalence and management of deep carious lesions. The prevalence of dental caries in Norway was among the highest in the world in the middle of 20th century. Though it has significantly declined, there are indications that the prevalence of caries in Northern Norway is higher than in the rest of the ...