BACKGROUND - The accuracy of estimation of kidney function with the use of routine metabolic tests, such as measurement of the serum creatinine level, has been controversial. The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) developed a creatinine-based equation (EKFC eGFRcr) to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with a rescaled serum creatinine level (i.e., the serum creatinine level is ...

Importance - Preterm newborns at risk of respiratory distress syndrome are supported with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Many newborns worsen despite CPAP and are intubated for surfactant administration, an effective therapy for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Endotracheal intubation is associated with adverse effects. Pharyngeal administration of surfactant to preterm animals ...

Background - Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are commonly classified by the presence or absence of provoking factors at the time of VTE to guide treatment decisions. This approach may not capture the heterogeneity of the disease and its prognosis.<p> <p>Objectives - To evaluate clinically important novel phenotypic clusters among patients with VTE without cancer and to explore their ...

Purpose - Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is highly prevalent in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and associated with response to PARP inhibition (PARPi). Here, we studied the prevalence of HRD in non-TNBC to assess the potential for PARPi in a wider group of patients with breast cancer.<p> <p>Methods - HRD status was established using targeted gene panel sequencing (360 genes) and ...

There is an immediate need to optimize cardiovascular (CV) risk management and primary prevention of childhood obesity to timely and more effectively combat the health hazard and socioeconomic burden of CV disease from childhood development to adulthood manifestation. Optimizing screening programs and risk management strategies for obesity-related CV risk in childhood has high potential to change ...

Objectives: Wide variations in antibiotic use in very preterm infants have been reported across centres despite similar rates of infection. We describe 10 year trends in use of antibiotics and regional variations among very preterm infants in Norway. Patients and Methods: All live-born very preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) admitted to any neonatal unit in Norway during 2009–18 were included. ...

Aims - Echocardiography is a cornerstone in cardiac imaging, and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is a key parameter for patient management. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled fully automatic measurements of LV volumes and EF both during scanning and in stored recordings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing AI measurements on acquisition ...

Background - The optimal first-line treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is debated. We compared clinical and radiographic outcomes of active conventional therapy with each of three biological treatments with different modes of action.<p> <p>Methods - Investigator-initiated, randomised, blinded-assessor study. Patients with treatment-naïve early RA with moderate–severe disease activity ...

Background: Patients with chronic inflammatory joint diseases such as axial spondyloarthritis have traditionally received regular follow-up in specialist health care to maintain low disease activity. The follow-up has been organized as prescheduled face-to-face visits, which are time-consuming for both patients and health care professionals. Technology has enabled the remote monitoring of disease ...

Background - Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) is a common presentation of deep vein thrombosis. There are limited data on the long-term risk of recurrence after IDDVT.<p> <p>Objectives - We aimed to determine the short- and long-term incidence of venous thrombosis (VTE) recurrence after cessation of anticoagulation and the 3-month incidence of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment ...