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    • Rapid cross-border emergence of NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2012 to June 2022 

      Linkevicius, Marius; Bonnin, Rémy A; Alm, Erik; Svartström, Olov; Apfalter, Petra; Hartl, Rainer; Hasman, Henrik; Roer, Louise; Räisänen, Kati; Dortet, Laurent; Pfennigwerth, Niels; Hans, Jörg B; Tóth, Ákos; Buzgó, Lilla; Cormican, Martin; Delappe, Niall; Monaco, Monica; Giufrè, Maria; Hendrickx, Antoni Pa; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna Kaarina; Caniça, Manuela; Manageiro, Vera; Oteo-Iglesias, Jesús; Pérez-Vázquez, María; Westmo, Karin; Mäkitalo, Barbro; Palm, Daniel; Monnet, Dominique L.; Kohlenberg, Anke (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-11)
      Whole genome sequencing data of 874 Escherichia coli isolates carrying blaNDM-5 from 13 European Union/ European Economic Area countries between 2012 and June 2022 showed the predominance of sequence types ST167, ST405, ST410, ST361 and ST648, and an increasing frequency of detection. Nearly a third (30.6%) of these isolates were associated with infections and more than half (58.2%) were ...

    • Reaction Kinetic Models of Antibiotic Heteroresistance 

      Martinecz, Antal; Clarelli, Fabrizio; Abel, Sören; Abel zur Wiesch, Pia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-15)
      Bacterial heteroresistance (i.e., the co-existence of several subpopulations with different antibiotic susceptibilities) can delay the clearance of bacteria even with long antibiotic exposure. Some proposed mechanisms have been successfully described with mathematical models of drug-target binding where the mechanism’s downstream of drug-target binding are not explicitly modeled and subsumed in ...

    • Reconstruction of a nonlinear heat transfer law from uncomplete boundary data by means of infrared thermography 

      Clarelli, Fabrizio; Inglese, Gabriele (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-07)
      Heat exchange between a conducting plate and the environment is described here by means of an unknown nonlinear function F of the temperature u. In this paper we construct a method for recovering F by means of polynomial expansion, perturbation theory and the toolbox of thermal inverse problems. We test our method on two examples: In the first one, we heat the plate (initially at 20 °C) from ...

    • The record-warm Barents Sea and 0-group fish response to abnormal conditions 

      Eriksen, Elena; Bagøien, Espen; Strand, Espen; Primicerio, Raul; Prokhorova, Tatiana; Trofimov, Alexander; Prokopchuk, Irina (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-05-25)
      The Barents Sea is a nursery area for many commercially and ecologically important fish stocks, and this whole region is presently subject to rapid climatic change from a cold period in the 1980s to a record warm period in the latest decade, with a peak in 2016. The present study focuses exclusively on year 2016, which was characterized by record warm air and seawater and an exceptionally large ...

    • Regulation of ERK3/4 Function via Specific Protein-Protein Interactions 

      Luong, Bao Quoc (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-05-12)
      The mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MK5) binds to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 and 4(ERK3 and ERK4) through a unique FRIEDE motif in ERK3/4. 100 amino acids C-terminal in MK5 is sufficient for this binding. MK5s subcellular localization and activity is regulated by the atypical MAP kinase ERK3 and ERK4. In this project we wanted to express and purify full-length and different domains ...

    • The regulation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) activity by ERK3-MK5 signal pathway. A study in lung cancer cells 

      Almahi, Eslaem (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-05-19)
      Background: Protein kinases and phosphatases persistently regulate various signal pathways that mediate many cellular processes. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key components in the transduction of extracellular stimuli to biological responses. The dysregulation of MAPKs activity promotes the occurrence of diverse diseases, including cancer, making MAPKs signaling pathways attractive ...

    • Repeated dispensing of codeine is associated with high consumption of benzodiazepines 

      Skurtveit, Svetlana; Bachs, Liliana Casulleras; Bramness, Jørgen G.; Engeland, Anders (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008)

    • Reply to letter to the editor 

      Bøhn, Thomas; Cuhra, Marek; Traavik, Terje; Sanden, Monica; Fagan, John; Primicerio, Raul (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-01)

    • Reseptpliktige legemidler og samtidig bruk av lavdose naltrekson (LDN) hos pasienter med kronisk inflammatorisk tarmsykdom. En kvasieksperimentell reseptregisterstudie 

      Simonsen, Pia (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-15)
      BAKGRUNN: Naltrekson er en ikke-selektiv opioidantagonist som tradisjonelt brukes til å behandle opioid- og alkoholavhengighet. Lavdose naltrekson (LDN), 3-5 mg/dag, har senere blitt brukt som «off-label» tilleggsbehandling i flere autoimmune sykdommer, inkludert kronisk inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD). FORMÅL: Formålet med denne studien er å undersøke om det er en assosiasjon mellom bruk av LDN og ...

    • RESTAMP – Rate estimates by sequence-tag analysis of microbial populations 

      Mahmutovic, Anel; Gillman, Aaron Nicholas; Lauksund, Silje; Robson Moe, Natasha-Anne; Manzi, Aimé; Storflor, Merete; Abel-Zur Wiesch Genannt Hülsho, Pia Karoline; Abel, Sören (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-19)
      Microbial division rates determine the speed of mutation accumulation and thus the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Microbial death rates are affected by antibiotic action and the immune system. Therefore, measuring these rates has advanced our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and antibiotic action. Several methods based on marker-loss or few inheritable neutral markers exist that ...

    • Resveratrol-loaded liposomes for topical treatment of the vaginal inflammation and infections 

      Jøraholmen, May Wenche; Skalko-Basnet, Natasa; Acharya, Ganesh; Basnet, Purusotam (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-09-07)
      Resveratrol (RES), chemically known as 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, is a promising multi-targeted antioxidative and anti-inflammatory natural polyphenol. Preclinical studies showed its biological activities against the pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases causing vaginal inflammation and infections. Due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, the optimal therapeutic uses are ...

    • Retrospective evidence for a biological cost of vancomycin resistance determinants in the absence of glycopeptide selective pressures 

      Johnsen, Pål jarle; Townsend, JP; Bøhn, Thomas; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sundsfjord, arnfinn; Nielsen, Kaare Magne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      To estimate the relative fitness differences between glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GREF) and glycopeptide-susceptible E. faecium (GSEF) from yearly surveillance data on the occurrence of GREF in Danish poultry farm environments. A population genetic model was adapted to retrospectively estimate the biological fitness cost of acquired resistance. Maximization of a likelihood function ...

    • Reverserbarheten av antibiotikaresistens: Evolusjonære prinsipper for antimikrobiell resistens og reverserbarhet – en oversikt basert på oppdatert tilgjengelig litteratur 

      Hansen, Åmund (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-03-24)
      Høye resistensfrekvenser i bakteriepopulasjoner, kombinert med en nedgang i antall nye antibiotikalanseringer og nye strukturer under utprøvning, gjør undersøkelser av forutsetningene for reverserbarheten av resistens mer aktuelt. I tillegg til generelle likheter blant ulike antibiotika i prosessene som styrer reversering, vil det også for nye antibiotika være viktig å skaffe redskaper som kan hjelpe ...

    • Review and development of referral criteria used to identify patients with diabetes who would benefit from attending a pharmacist-led cardiovascular out-patient clinic 

      Westerhus, Ingvild Risan (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-05)
      Abstract Development and validation of new referral criteria: a triangulation study at the Pharmacist-led Diabetes Cardiovascular risk Reduction Clinic, Edinburgh. The Pharmacist-led Diabetes Cardiovascular risk Reduction (DCVR) clinic has been running at the Western General Hospital (WGH), Edinburgh, for 8 years. It was decided to review the referral process of patients and the referral criteria. ...

    • Review of GMO safety assessment studies: glyphosate residues in Roundup Ready crops is an ignored issue 

      Cuhra, Marek (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-09-10)
      <p><i>Background - </i>Genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant cultivar varieties have been a commercial success widely known as Roundup Ready plants. As new glyphosate-tolerant varieties are introduced to satisfy agriculture demand, it is relevant to review the scientific evidence that documents the quality and safety of such biotechnology. Assessments of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant ...

    • Risk assessment of GM trees in the EU: current regulatory framework and guidance 

      Aguilera, J.; Nielsen, Kåre M.; Sweet, J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      The use of genetically modified organisms - their release into the environment, import, and utilisation as food/feed or food/feed ingredients - is regulated in the European Union (EU). For placing onto the market, current legislations require a comprehensive and science-based risk assessment. This risk assessment (RA) is performed by applicants and then evaluated by national authorities in close ...

    • Risk assessment of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified maize 1507 for cultivation, import, processing, food and feed uses under Directive 2001/18/EC (C/ES/01/01, C/NL/00/10) and Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (EFSA/GMO/NL/2004/02, EFSA/GMO/RX/1507). Opinion of the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety 

      Meadow, Richard; Asare, Nana Yaa Ohene; Finne, Merethe Aasmo; Junttila, Olavi; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour; Dahl, Knut Helkås; Dalen, Knut Tomas; Nielsen, Kaare Magne; Sanden, Monica; Vikse, Rose; Sorteberg, Hilde-Gunn Opsahl (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2017-07-06)
      The Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) for an opinion of potential risks to biodiversity and agriculture in Norway associated with import of seeds for sowing, and cultivation of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified maize ...

    • Risk of diabetes after gestational diabetes and preeclampsia : a registry-based study of 230,000 women in Norway 

      Engeland, Anders; Bjørge, Tone; Daltveit, Anne Kjersti; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Vangen, Siri; Vollset, Stein Emil; Furu, Kari (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      This study aimed to use a population-based Prescription Database to explore later development of diabetes in women registered with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and/or preeclampsia in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) during 2004–8. We used two nationwide Norwegian registries, the Norwegian Prescription Database and the MBRN, to explore the onset of later diabetes after pregnancy ...

    • The Role of Adherence and Retreatment in De Novo Emergence of MDR-TB 

      Cadosch, Dominique; Abel zur Wiesch, Pia; Kouyos, Roger; Bonhoeffer, Sebastian (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      Treatment failure after therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) infections is an important challenge, especially when it coincides with de novo emergence of multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). We seek to explore possible causes why MDR-TB has been found to occur much more often in patients with a history of previous treatment. We develop a mathematical model of the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ...

    • The role of pharmacoepidemiological studies in the market withdrawal of carisoprodol (Somadril®) in Europe. 

      Skurtveit, Svetlana; Bramness, Jørgen; Buajordet, Ingebjørg (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008)